The Muse
Swing, Swing, Swing
Written by Robert Pratt   
Monday, 26 February 2007 07:00

Off-handedly a saxophone-playing friend told me he'd been inspired by seeing me play jazz clarinet, and so he'd started working on the clarinet himself. Flattered, I suggested he check out Benny Goodman. "It all starts with Benny Goodman," I said. "Oh," he said. "I'm trying to listen to guys who are better than Benny."

That caught me off guard. My introduction to jazz was via Benny Goodman. My dad's record collection had a single Goodman album from the 1950s, and until I discovered Charlie Parker during middle school, Goodman was all I knew about jazz. So I really didn't question whether he was the best or not. I just assumed it. Still, I think I could make a strong case supporting Goodman as the best jazz clarinetist. Not just the best of the swing era, but one of the best ever.

Just as Lester Young reshaped the concept of the tenor saxophone as a solo instrument in jazz after Coleman Hawkins established it as a formidable voice, Goodman developed an approach to jazz clarinet that would set the benchmark for all who would follow. Goodman in his youth certainly followed the styles of the early masters--New Orleans players like Jimmy Noone and Johnny Dodds. Goodman's earliest recordings reveal remants of this influence. See, for instance, "Clarinetitis" and "It's Tight Like That."  But even then, during the 1920s, Goodman had started to integrate his classical training into his "hot" playing. His sound is smoother than the New Orleans style, and his amazing technical facility is already evident.

By the mid-1930s, Goodman's sound had flowered into a clarinet style that could soar above a big band, a sound robust and forceful as well as ebullient and effortless. It was his big band that touched off the swing craze in 1935, but Goodman's real brilliance shows up most clearly in his small group playing. With pianist Teddy Wilson and drummer Gene Krupa, later with vibraphonist Lionel Hampton, Goodman shows complete command not only of the clarinet but also of a new sound in jazz. The drive and lyricism of swing marked a departure from the early jazz of Louis Armstrong. Goodman didn't necessarily invent the sound--others, like Chick Webb, had been playing in the swing style as long or even longer than Goodman--but he surely brought it to the masses. In doing so he injected new life into jazz, morphing it into the favored popular music all across America.

Whether directly or indirectly, all jazz clarinetists since Goodman refer back to the King of Swing. Goodman's influence can be heard in the purity of tone and the technical mastery of Buddy DeFranco and Eric Dolphy, even. Eddie Daniels' and Don Byron's performance of symphonic music surely echoes Goodman's excursions into classical repertoire.

 

 
Done With Cabrillo College Jazz
Written by Robert Pratt   
Saturday, 17 February 2007 07:00

For many jazz musicians in Santa Cruz County, Cabrillo College stands as a great bastion of jazz. With Ray Brown teaching jazz improvisation and arranging and with a legacy of excellent jazz groups led by the now retired Lile Cruse, Cabrillo College can rightly be considered as the wellspring of jazz for the northern half of the Monterey Bay region. I owe a great debt of gratitude for the excellent education I have received from music classes I have attended at Cabrillo College. However, I have realized during recent months that the time has come for me to find other schools and other teachers of music.

The tipping point was a concert I performed in early November 2006 with the Cabrillo College Jazz Ensemble. The group, led by Jon Nordgren, is an intermediate-to-advanced community jazz big band with a couple of area pros as well as skilled amateurs and advanced students. I've worked with the group off-and-on for more than 15 years. During recent years, though, playing in the band had become a chore, a duty performed as much out of personal loyalty to Nordgren as for a weekly excuse to work out on large-format jazz ensemble material. I started to feel that the group offered me few challenges and few opportunities to advance my musical skills.

 
A Band of One's Own
Written by Robert Pratt   
Saturday, 17 February 2007 07:00

My frustration with the same old-same old jazz in Santa Cruz (see entry below about Cabrillo College) inspired me to seek out and start playing the music that I wanted to play rather than relying on joining bands led by other people. The thing was, few of the really good jazz musicians I knew in the area could relate to the musical influences I wanted to explore. I realized that the solution was to write the music, then assemble a group to play it. I'd have to teach the band about the sound I had in mind, but if successful, I would have an excellent opportunity to play music that I found challenging.

Well, after nearly six months of writing, reading about jazz composition, rewriting, demoing and transcribing, I've managed to complete nearly half a dozen original tunes and put together a group to play them. I've posted some demos and written transcriptions here.

 
Oh, Gershwins!
Written by Robert Pratt   
Saturday, 21 October 2006 07:00

Every jazz musician must early on learn about the great American songbook, songs from Tin Pan Alley and Broadway from early- and mid-twentieth century songwriters like Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart and Geroge and Ira Gershwin. No agreed-upon canon of these songs exists, but so-called fake books have by default established which ones have endured.

Every jazz musician must early on learn about the great American songbook, songs from Tin Pan Alley and Broadway from early- and mid-twentieth century songwriters like Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart and Geroge and Ira Gershwin. No agreed-upon canon of these songs exists, but so-called fake books have by default established which ones have endured.

 
The Hills Are Alive
Written by Robert Pratt   
Friday, 18 August 2006 07:00

After a mild quarrel with a dear friend over the merits of a classic of American musical theater, Richard Rogers and Oscar Hammerstein's The Sound of Music, I've tried to understand just what appeals to me in the beloved show and film. Like many other fans of musical theater, I long considered it as merely cloying family-oriented fare. Strangely, though, reading a couple of histories of the Cold War and trying to understand how American has come to understand its role in the world that has piqued my admiration of The Sound of Music.

My thinking about the show evolved from reading academic studies of musical theater penned by Raymond Knapp (The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity) and Andrea Most (Making Americans: Jews and the Broadway Musical). Influenced by Knapp and Most, I started to view musicals as vehicles for constructing a sense of American nationhood, and it's in that light, I've come to believe, that The Sound of Music has much to offer. For me, The Sound of Music is a testament to American exceptionalism, both a cautionary tale to Americans to honor simple folk traditions above urban sophistication and a celebration of American detachment from the wicked political entanglements of Europe.

 
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What's Going On Here?

Over the past 10 years, Word and Sound has been many things. Most of the time it's been an online playground for Robert Pratt, a journalist, web application programmer and professional musician (see "Who Is This Guy?" above). Based in Santa Cruz, Calif., U.S.A. from June 1989 to April 2007, he now lives and works in Phuket in Thailand.

At present, this website is in the process of being redeployed using a new content management system (CMS). For those of you interested in such things, the new CMS is Joomla! The slick interface is a pre-baked design that I downloaded from Rocket Theme, which is a group that designs and implements interfaces for Joomla!

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